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Walter McLennan Citrine, 1st Baron Citrine (22 August 1887, Wallasey — 22 January 1983, Brixham) was a British trade unionist. Citrine played a central role in the labour movement, especially by redefining the role of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) as mediator, co-ordinator and researcher. He provided co-ordination and a centralised leadership for the entire movement, and set up a research programme that laid the foundations for the Labour government of 1945-51. He co-ordinated the industrial and political wings of the labour movement, and helped stop the Labour Party's drift to the Left after the 1931 crisis. He also played a key role in the reshaping of Labour's foreign policy from the mid-1930s to oppose both Fascism and Communism.〔Neil Riddell, "Walter Citrine and the British Labour Movement, 1925-1935," ''History'' (2000) 85#273 pp 285-306〕 An electrician by trade, he became Mersey District's secretary of his trade union, the Electrical Trades Union, in 1914. Twelve years later he became General Secretary of the TUC, holding the post for twenty years through the Second World War. He was also president of the anti-Communist International Confederation of Free Trade Unions 1928-45 and president of the World Trade Union Conference in 1945. Citrine strengthened the TUC's influence over the Labour Party. He opposed plans by the Labour Government in 1931 to cut unemployment benefits. After Ramsay MacDonald formed a coalition with the Conservatives to force his policies through, Citrine led the campaign to have him expelled from the party. Citrine later supported the Attlee government's policy of nationalisation and served on the National Coal Board and served as chairman of the Central Electricity Board 1947-57. He was granted a peerage in 1947. He authored ''The ABC of Chairmanship'', regarded by many in the labour movement as the "bible" of committee chairmanship. His autobiography ''Men and Work'' was published in 1964. His personal papers are held at the London School of Economics. ==Career== Citruine was born to a working-class family in Liverpool; his father was a seaman and his mother a hospital nurse. His father seems to have been an immigrant from Italy (the 1891, 1901 and 1911 censuses he claims to have been born in Liverpool ). The boy left school at age 12. He became an electrician, a skilled job high in the working class hierarchy. He was self-educated, and mastered shorthand along the way. He joined the Electrical Trades Union (ETU) in 1911 as an ordinary member but was soon spotted for his enthusiasm to trade unionism, and his energetic and skilled organisational abilities. He became full-time Mersey District Secretary, 1914-1920 of the ETU, and moved to the top as the ETU's General Secretary, 1920-1923. He then moved to the newly energised TUC as Assistant Secretary of the TUC, 1924-1925, and General Secretary, 1926-1946. He was in operational charge of the General Strike in 1926, although he was pessimistic about its prospects. The strike was easily defeated in nine days by the Conservative government, which mobilised middle class opinion against it. From 1928 to 1945 he was also President of the International Federation of Trade Unions, chiefly an honorific position. He was also a Director of the '' Daily Herald'' 1929-1946, the newspaper that spoke for the trades union movement.〔Buchanan (2004); Citrine (1964)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Walter Citrine, 1st Baron Citrine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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